Products related to Validity:
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External Validity and Evidence Accumulation
The accumulation of empirical evidence that has been collected in multiple contexts, places, and times requires a more comprehensive understanding of empirical research than is typically required for interpreting the findings from individual studies.We advance a novel conceptual framework where causal mechanisms are central to characterizing social phenomena that transcend context, place, or time.We distinguish various concepts of external validity, all of which characterize the relationship between the effects produced by mechanisms in different settings.Approaches to evidence accumulation require careful consideration of cross-study features, including theoretical considerations that link constituent studies and measurement considerations about how phenomena are quantifed.Our main theoretical contribution is developing uniting principles that constitute the qualitative and quantitative assumptions that form the basis for a quantitative relationship between constituent studies.We then apply our framework to three approaches to studying general social phenomena: meta-analysis, replication, and extrapolation.
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External Validity and Evidence Accumulation
The accumulation of empirical evidence that has been collected in multiple contexts, places, and times requires a more comprehensive understanding of empirical research than is typically required for interpreting the findings from individual studies.We advance a novel conceptual framework where causal mechanisms are central to characterizing social phenomena that transcend context, place, or time.We distinguish various concepts of external validity, all of which characterize the relationship between the effects produced by mechanisms in different settings.Approaches to evidence accumulation require careful consideration of cross-study features, including theoretical considerations that link constituent studies and measurement considerations about how phenomena are quantifed.Our main theoretical contribution is developing uniting principles that constitute the qualitative and quantitative assumptions that form the basis for a quantitative relationship between constituent studies.We then apply our framework to three approaches to studying general social phenomena: meta-analysis, replication, and extrapolation.
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Property Notices : Validity and Service
Why should you buy Property Notices: Validity and Service third editionThe widely acclaimed Property Notices: Validity and Service provides the definitive account of the law relating to property notices.It contains a clear and practical guide to the legal principles governing whether a property notice is valid and whether it has been properly served.The importance of those principles for property lawyers cannot be over-stated: in the field of property law, rights are frequently exercised by the service of a notice and, for the party that has attempted to serve a notice (and perhaps its lawyers), the consequences of a finding that a notice is invalid may be disastrous. Property Notices: Validity and Service is the only work dedicated to this core area of practice and it is essential reading for all property lawyers.
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Seth Speaks : The Eternal Validity of the Soul
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What is the validity of intelligence measurements and what is the correlation between intelligence and success?
The validity of intelligence measurements is a topic of ongoing debate among psychologists and researchers. While intelligence tests can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, they may not capture the full range of human intelligence, such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and practical skills. Additionally, cultural and socioeconomic factors can influence test performance, raising questions about the fairness and accuracy of intelligence measurements. As for the correlation between intelligence and success, research suggests that there is a positive relationship between the two, particularly in academic and professional settings. Individuals with higher intelligence scores tend to perform better in school, have higher earning potential, and achieve greater career success. However, it's important to note that success is influenced by a multitude of factors, including motivation, personality traits, and opportunities, and intelligence is just one piece of the puzzle.
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Is validity a continuous variable?
No, validity is not a continuous variable. Validity refers to the extent to which a test or assessment measures what it is intended to measure. It is typically assessed as either present or absent, rather than existing on a continuous scale. Validity is crucial in ensuring that the results of a test are meaningful and accurate.
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What is the validity coefficient?
The validity coefficient is a statistical measure that quantifies the relationship between a predictor (such as a test or assessment) and a criterion (such as job performance or academic achievement). It indicates the degree to which the predictor is able to accurately predict the criterion. A higher validity coefficient suggests a stronger relationship between the predictor and the criterion, indicating that the predictor is more effective in predicting the criterion. Validity coefficients are commonly used in the field of psychometrics and are important for evaluating the effectiveness of selection tools and assessments.
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What is the question without validity?
A question without validity is one that lacks credibility, evidence, or logical reasoning to support its premise. It may be based on false assumptions, biased information, or flawed arguments. Without validity, the question cannot be relied upon to provide accurate or meaningful insights.
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Frontiers of Test Validity Theory : Measurement, Causation, and Meaning
Now in its second edition, this important book examines test validity in the behavioral, social, and educational sciences by exploring three fundamental problems: measurement, causation, and meaning.Psychometric and philosophical perspectives and unresolved issues receive attention, as the authors explore how measurement is conceived from both the classical and modern perspectives. Split into three accessible sections, the first contrasts theories of measurement as applied to the validity of behavioral science measures, and the second considers causal theories of measurement as well as alternative theories of causation.The final section explores the meaning and interpretation of test scores as they apply to test validity, offering a conceptual overview of the field and its current state.Each carefully revised chapter begins with an overview of key theories and literature, concludes with a list of suggested readings, and features boxes with real-life situations that connect theory to practice.Examples of specific issues include:How tests can assess an attribute without measuring it. The role of values in test validity. Interpreting responses to the same question in different languages. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers interested in test validity or developing tests will appreciate the book's cutting-edge review of test validity.Focusing on both the underlying concepts, as well as practical challenges of test construction and use, it also serves as a supplement in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on test validity, psychometrics, testing, or measurement taught in psychology, education, sociology, social work, political science, business, criminal justice, and other fields.The book does not assume a background in measurement.
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Frontiers of Test Validity Theory : Measurement, Causation, and Meaning
Now in its second edition, this important book examines test validity in the behavioral, social, and educational sciences by exploring three fundamental problems: measurement, causation, and meaning.Psychometric and philosophical perspectives and unresolved issues receive attention, as the authors explore how measurement is conceived from both the classical and modern perspectives. Split into three accessible sections, the first contrasts theories of measurement as applied to the validity of behavioral science measures, and the second considers causal theories of measurement as well as alternative theories of causation.The final section explores the meaning and interpretation of test scores as they apply to test validity, offering a conceptual overview of the field and its current state.Each carefully revised chapter begins with an overview of key theories and literature, concludes with a list of suggested readings, and features boxes with real-life situations that connect theory to practice.Examples of specific issues include:How tests can assess an attribute without measuring it. The role of values in test validity. Interpreting responses to the same question in different languages. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers interested in test validity or developing tests will appreciate the book's cutting-edge review of test validity.Focusing on both the underlying concepts, as well as practical challenges of test construction and use, it also serves as a supplement in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on test validity, psychometrics, testing, or measurement taught in psychology, education, sociology, social work, political science, business, criminal justice, and other fields.The book does not assume a background in measurement.
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Genesis and Validity : The Theory and Practice of Intellectual History
There is no more contentious and perennial issue in the history of modern Western thought than the vexed relationship between the genesis of an idea and its claim to validity beyond it.Can ideas or values transcend their temporal origins and overcome the sin of their original context, and in so doing earn abiding respect for their intrinsic merit? Or do they inevitably reflect them in ways that undermine their universal aspirations?Are discrete contexts so incommensurable and unique that the smooth passage of ideas from one to the other is impossible?Are we always trapped by the limits of our own cultural standpoints and partial perspectives, or can we somehow escape their constraints and enter into a fruitful dialogue with others?These persistent questions are at the heart of the discipline known as intellectual history, which deals not only with ideas, but also with the men and women who generate, disseminate, and criticize them.The essays in this collection, by one of the most recognized figures in the field, address them through engagement with leading intellectual historians—Hans Blumenberg, Quentin Skinner, Hayden White, Isaiah Berlin, Frank Ankersmit—as well other giants of modern thought—Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, and Georg Lukács.They touch on a wide variety of related topics, ranging from the heroism of modern life to the ability of photographs to lie.In addition, they explore the fraught connections between philosophy and theory, the truth of history and the truthfulness of historians, and the weaponization of free speech for other purposes.
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Validity Argument in Language Testing : Case Studies of Validation Research
Language tests play pivotal roles in education, research on learning, and gate-keeping decisions.The central concern for language testing professionals is how to investigate whether or not tests are appropriate for their intended purposes.This book introduces an argument-based validity framework to help with the design of research that investigates the validity of language test interpretation and use.The book presents the principal concepts and technical terms, then shows how they can be implemented successfully in practice through a variety of validation studies.It also demonstrates how argument-based validity intersects with technology in language testing research and highlights the use of validity argument for identifying research questions and interpreting the results of validation research.Use of the framework helps researchers in language testing to communicate clearly and consistently about technical issues with each other and with researchers of other types of tests.
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What is the validity of stamps?
The validity of stamps varies depending on the type of stamp and the postal regulations of the country. In general, most stamps do not expire and can be used indefinitely as long as they have not been used before. However, some countries may have specific regulations regarding the use of older stamps or may issue new designs that are required for certain types of mail. It is always best to check with the postal service or consult their website for the most up-to-date information on the validity of stamps.
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Can economic efficiency and productivity develop mutually?
Yes, economic efficiency and productivity can develop mutually. When businesses and industries become more efficient in their operations, they can produce more output with the same amount of input, leading to increased productivity. Similarly, when productivity increases, it can drive economic efficiency by reducing waste and improving resource allocation. Therefore, as businesses and industries focus on improving efficiency and productivity, they can reinforce and support each other's development.
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How do I calculate validity in SPSS?
To calculate validity in SPSS, you can use the correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) between the scores of the measure you are testing and a criterion measure. This criterion measure should be a well-established measure that assesses the same construct as your measure. A high correlation between the two measures indicates good validity. You can run a correlation analysis in SPSS to obtain the correlation coefficient and assess the validity of your measure.
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What is the validity period of Ghusl?
The validity period of Ghusl, the Islamic ritual washing of the whole body, is not limited to a specific time frame. It is considered valid as long as the conditions for its performance are met, such as the intention to purify oneself and the use of water to wash the entire body. However, it is recommended to perform Ghusl in a timely manner after specific events, such as sexual intercourse, menstruation, postpartum bleeding, or after the completion of the menstrual cycle. It is also recommended to perform Ghusl on Fridays before the Friday prayer and on the two major Islamic festivals, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
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